• Skip to primary navigation
  • Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar
Paleo Leap
  • Recipes
    • Beef and Red Meat
    • Chicken and Poultry
    • Pork
    • Fish and Seafood
    • Eggs
    • Soups
    • Salads
    • Sides, Veggies and Appetizers
    • Sauces, Dips & Vinaigrettes
    • Drinks
    • Sweets and Snacks
    • Cooking Tips
  • Learn
  • Your Starting Point
    • Topic Index
    • Paleo 101
    • Paleo Meal Plan
    • Paleo Food List
    • Transitioning to Paleo
    • Am I Doing it Right? - Checklist
    • Mini-Course for Beginners
  • Popular Topics
    • Recipes for Beginners
    • Breakfast Ideas
    • Homemade Condiments
    • Legumes
    • Wheat & Gluten
    • Dairy
    • Nightshades
  • More
    • Compilations
    • Foods
menu icon
go to homepage
  • Recipes
  • Chicken
  • Pork
  • Snacks
  • Salads
  • Learn Paleo
  • Paleo Cooking Tips
  • Paleo Diet Foods
  • Paleo Recipe Compilations
  • Keto Diet Recipes
  • Paleo Beef and Red Meat Recipes
  • Paleo Drink Recipes
  • Paleo Egg Recipes
  • Paleo Fish and Seafood Recipes
  • Paleo Sauces and Dips
  • Paleo Sides, Veggies and Appetizers
  • Paleo Soup Recipes
  • Paleo Tips & Tricks
  • Paleo Topic Index
    • Facebook
    • Instagram
    • Pinterest
    • Twitter
    • YouTube
  • search icon
    Homepage link
    • Recipes
    • Chicken
    • Pork
    • Snacks
    • Salads
    • Learn Paleo
    • Paleo Cooking Tips
    • Paleo Diet Foods
    • Paleo Recipe Compilations
    • Keto Diet Recipes
    • Paleo Beef and Red Meat Recipes
    • Paleo Drink Recipes
    • Paleo Egg Recipes
    • Paleo Fish and Seafood Recipes
    • Paleo Sauces and Dips
    • Paleo Sides, Veggies and Appetizers
    • Paleo Soup Recipes
    • Paleo Tips & Tricks
    • Paleo Topic Index
    • Facebook
    • Instagram
    • Pinterest
    • Twitter
    • YouTube
  • ร—
    Home ยป Learn About Paleo & Keto Diets

    Paleo and Parkinson's: Pesticide Problems?

    Last Modified: Feb 17, 2023 by Paleo Leaper ยท This post may contain affiliate links ยท Leave a Comment

    Sharing is caring!

    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • Reddit
    Parkinsons

    In 1817, Dr. James Parkinson described the progression of the โ€œshaking Palsy.โ€ It started with a slight trembling and got worse until the shaking made it hard to write. Meanwhile, patients started having problems with posture, leaning forward all the time in a way that made it hard to walk. They found it progressively harder to walk, talk, or swallow. Eventually,

    [The shaking] seldom leaves him for a moment; but even when exhausted nature seizes a small portion of sleep, the motion becomes so violent as not only to shake the bed-hangings, but even the floor and sashes of the room. The chin is now almost immoveably bent down upon the sternum. The slops with which he is attempted to be fed, with the saliva, are continually trickling from the mouth. The power of articulation is lost. The urine and fรฆces are passed involuntarily; and at the last, constant sleepiness, with slight delirium, and other marks of extreme exhaustion, announce the wished-for release.

    Today we call the โ€œshaking Palsyโ€ Parkinsonโ€™s disease, after Dr. Parkinson, but his description still basically fits with what the NIH has to say on the subject. But Parkinson's disease has increased dramatically since Dr. Parkinson's day, with a sharp uptick especially since the 1970s. After Alzheimerโ€™s disease, Parkinsonโ€™s is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease today.

    Parkinsonโ€™s disease attacks the brain cells that produce the neurotransmittor dopamine. Dopamine (among other things) controls muscle movements, and so attacking the dopamine-producing cells causes the symptoms like trembling and postural problems. Today, we do have a medicine that gives some symptom relief (levodopa or L-dopa) but L-dopa only replaces the missing dopamine; it doesnโ€™t actually prevent damage to the brain cells.

    Thereโ€™s currently no cure for Parkinsonโ€™s. Treatment only slows down the progression of the disease.

    We know that the other big neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimerโ€™s disease, has strong links to diet. So what about Parkinsonโ€™s? What could have caused the huge increase in deaths from Parkinson's disease in the past 50 years? There are two very interesting indirect connections between Parkinsonโ€™s and diet: gut health and pesticide exposure.

    One Theory on Parkinsonโ€™s and Diet: The Gut

    Thereโ€™s a common theory in the Paleosphere that Parkinsonโ€™s disease is connected to gut health (here and here, for example). Dr. Parkinson did notice severe constipation in the late stages of disease, but he didnโ€™t really consider a gut-related cause. More recent research has pointed out that gut problems might actually be involved in the symptoms of Parkinsonโ€™s.

    This review goes over some of the gut-related symptoms of Parkinsonโ€™s

    • Constipation โ€“ almost all Parkinsonโ€™s patients are constipated, and the constipation often shows up before other symptoms of the disease.
    • Gastroparesis (feeling full very quickly; feeling uncomfortably bloated even from normal-sized meals)
    • Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).

    The authors of the review found that โ€œGastrointestinal dysfunction clearly plays a part in the development of motor fluctuations and dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease,โ€ but itโ€™s not at all clear whether gut problems actually cause the disease, or whether they just contribute to symptoms once itโ€™s already established.

    Pesticide Exposure and Parkinsonโ€™s Disease

    But if weโ€™re talking about diet and Parkinsonโ€™s, thereโ€™s a factor more closely connected to the actual development of the disease, not just symptoms once the disease is already in place: pesticides.

    In the 1980s, studies found a link between the herbicide paraquat and Parkinsonโ€™s. A chemical called 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6,-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP for short because wow that is one heck of a name), which was structurally similar to paraquat, caused Parkinsonโ€™s symptoms in humans.

    That study was kind of a fluke because the subjects had accidentally been exposed to the MPTP and then showed up at the doctorโ€™s office of their own accord. Obviously, itโ€™s unethical to replicate the study by feeding pesticides to people to see if they get Parkinsonโ€™s. But what researchers can do is measure associations between pesticide exposure and Parkinsonโ€™s.

    Since the 1980s, several analyses have found associations between exposure to various pesticides/herbicides and risk of Parkinsonโ€™s disease. Hereโ€™s one meta-analysis of studies from 1989-1999:

    The majority of the studies reported consistent elevation in the risk of PD [Parkinsonโ€™s disease] with exposure to pesticidesโ€ฆthe risk of PD increased with increased duration of exposure to pesticides, no significant dose-response relation was established, and no specific type of pesticide was identified. Our findings suggest that exposure to pesticides may be a significant risk factor for developing PD.

    Other studies have also found an increase in Parkinsonโ€™s associated with pesticides in general and with particular pesticides, especially organochlorines.

    Further experiments on rats and mice have shown that these pesticides generally damage the dopamine-producing neurons โ€“ exactly the same kind of damage caused by Parkinsonโ€™s disease.

    A review noted that itโ€™s hard to draw clear data from this because many studies donโ€™t distinguish between dose of the pesticide (how much youโ€™re exposed to) and length of exposure (how long you spend exposed). And itโ€™s worth repeating again that this is evidence from epidemiological studies in humans (associations) + direct studies in rats and mice suggesting a causal relationship behind the associations. But the evidence is still very suggestive.

    Organic Food is Not the Answer!

    "Hi, I'm organic broccoli, and I was probably grown with pesticides!"

    This bears bolding, italicizing, and underlining: Organic food is still grown with pesticides. Itโ€™s a persistent myth that organic food has no pesticides. The difference between organic and conventional produce is that organic farmers can only use organic pesticides. Their pesticides have to be minimally processed and not synthetic.

    โ€œNot syntheticโ€ =/= โ€œsafe.โ€ Many organic pesticides have proven health dangers to humans. Just for example, take Rotenone. Itโ€™s made from the roots of plants โ€“ so natural! Not like that evil glyphosphate! It must be safe, right?

    Except that rotenone โ€“ all-natural, organic rotenone โ€“ actually causes symptoms of Parkinsonโ€™s Disease in rats. This stuff is not safe just because itโ€™s โ€œorganic!โ€ And itโ€™s very likely that youโ€™ve been exposed to rotenone because itโ€™s commonly used to kill unwanted fish in rivers all over the US.

    But you know whatโ€™s even scarier? The health effects of many organic pesticides are almost unknown. Very few studies have been done on organic pesticides, because people assume theyโ€™re safe. They might be more dangerous; they might be less dangerous. Thereโ€™s not enough evidence to make an informed decision either way, but it makes no sense to say that organic pesticides must be safer because we have no idea whether theyโ€™re safe or not.

    Help! What to Do?

    There are farmers who grow food without pesticides, or with the absolute minimum possible amount of pesticides. You can find them at a farmers market! They may or may not be technically certified โ€œorganicโ€ (this is expensive so itโ€™s not always in the budget for small family farms) but you can sit down and chat with the farmer about specifically what is used on your food.

    But not everyone has access to a farmers market even in the summer, much less all year round. The National Pesticide Information Center recommends washing all fruits and vegetables thoroughly, peeling off the outer layers, and eating a wide variety of produce to minimize exposure to any one particular pesticide.

    Summing it Up

    Parkinsonโ€™s disease has many causes. Genetics are a big factor that hasnโ€™t been discussed here. Certain types of brain trauma may also be important, and there are disputed but possible dietary links to Omega-6 fats and other pro-inflammatory nutrients and foods.

    When it comes to diet and the gut, the link might be quite important for people who already have Parkinsonโ€™s disease. But if youโ€™re looking at dietary factors that increase the risk of Parkinsonโ€™s disease in healthy people, pesticides really stand out โ€“ including organic pesticides!

    From a Paleo perspective, this is one of the trade-offs weโ€™ve made in the modern world. Pesticides are useful. They give us bigger crop yields, so weโ€™re safer from famines and we have a regular supply of fresh produce. Without pesticides, food would be more expensive and the food supply would be less reliable. But humans havenโ€™t evolved to eat modern pesticides without a problem โ€“ in the future, weโ€™ll need to either find pesticides that donโ€™t make us sick, or find reliable ways of removing pesticides from food before it gets to the dinner table.

    Related Posts
    • Are Organic Vegetables Worth It?
    • Paleo and Alzheimer's Disease
     

    More Learn About Paleo & Keto Diets

    • closeup of a white bowl filled with Garlic & Roasted Onion Salsa
      Garlic & Roasted Onion Salsa
    • plate filled with blackened tilapia and sliced lemon
      Blackened Tilapia
    • Crab Stuffed Salmon served on a cutting board
      Crab Stuffed Salmon
    • 17 paleo bars & bites to snack on featured
      17 Paleo Bars & Bites To Snack On

    Sharing is caring!

    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • Reddit

    Filed Under: Learn About Paleo & Keto Diets

    Reader Interactions

    Leave a Reply Cancel reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

    Recipe Rating




    Primary Sidebar

    paleo leap square logo

    Hi, I'm Rick! Paleo Leap is the oldest and biggest resource online, covering everything about the paleo diet. We have over 1500 recipes categorized and plenty of meal plans for you to try.

    More about me โ†’

    Popular

    • Bacon-Wrapped Salmon Featured
      Bacon-Wrapped Salmon Recipe
    • Almond Milk Custard
      Almond Milk Custard Recipe
    • Flourless Banana Pancakes Featured
      Flourless Banana Pancakes Recipe
    • Turban Squash Soup Featured
      Turban Squash Soup Recipe

    Recent Recipes:

    • closeup of a glass of Almond banana cinnamon smoothie on a wood table
      Almond Banana Cinnamon Smoothie
    • glass of Peach and chocolate green smoothie on a wood table with peaches in the background
      Peach and Chocolate Green Smoothie
    • closeup of two glasses of cinnamon and Coconut vanilla milkshake
      Coconut Vanilla Milkshake
    • Pumpkin smoothie in a glass on a wood table with cinnamon sticks in the background
      Pumpkin Smoothie

    Footer

    โ†‘ back to top

    About

    • Privacy Policy
    • Disclaimer
    • Cookie Policy

    Newsletter

    • Sign Up! for emails and updates

    Contact

    • Contact

    As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.

    For your information only. The statements on this website are merely opinions. Paleo Leap does not provide medical or nutritional advice, treatment, or diagnosis. Read the full disclaimer.

    Copyright ยฉ 2023 Paleo Leap